The Olympics are a massive event for numerous reasons, notably for bringing together athletes and spectators from around the globe. However, scientists are now concerned that this convergence of people could trigger a super-spreader event for dengue fever.
According to The Telegraph, French officials have enlisted “dengue detectives” to monitor the Asian tiger mosquito in Paris, where the Games will be held. Factors such as increased global travel, hot and wet weather, and climate change have allowed these mosquitoes, which can carry dengue fever, to thrive. Additionally, rising global temperatures have led to sightings of dengue-carrying mosquitoes in 13 European countries, as reported by The Telegraph.
This issue is not confined to Europe. Dengue fever has been detected worldwide, with cases also rising in the United States, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
But what is dengue fever, and why is it a concern? Here’s the information you need to know.
What is Dengue Fever?
Dengue fever is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito, as per the World Health Organization (WHO). Also known as break-bone fever, dengue is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical climates. In severe cases, it can be fatal.
Symptoms of Dengue Fever
Most people infected with dengue will experience mild or no symptoms and will recover within one to two weeks, according to the WHO. Symptoms typically appear four to ten days after infection and last for two to seven days. These symptoms include:
- High fever (104°F)
- Severe headache
- Pain behind the eyes
- Muscle and joint pains
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Swollen glands
- Rash
A second dengue infection increases the risk of developing severe dengue fever, which includes symptoms such as:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Persistent vomiting
- Rapid breathing
- Bleeding gums or nose
- Fatigue
- Restlessness
- Blood in vomit or stool
- Intense thirst
- Pale and cold skin
- Weakness
Post-recovery fatigue can last for several weeks, according to the WHO.
Treatment for Dengue Fever
There are no specific antiviral treatments for dengue, the CDC states. Supportive care, such as acetaminophen for fever and pain, is typically provided.
Is There a Dengue Fever Outbreak at the Paris Olympics?
Not yet, but French officials are concerned about the possibility. On May 1, the Greater Paris Regional Health Agency (ARS) initiated a “surveillance campaign” involving 526 mosquito nesting traps, which will be tested monthly, according to The Telegraph. These traps are placed at sites including the Stade de France, the Olympic Village, fan zones, and three airports.
The operation will continue until November, with the Olympics being considered a “significant risk for disease transmission,” as noted by The Telegraph. An estimated 16 million people are expected to visit the city for the event.
“It’s true—the Olympic Games are a critical moment,” Cécile Somarriba, director of health monitoring and safety at the ARS, told The Telegraph. “We are prioritizing our surveillance in places that will host large gatherings. This is where the risk of transmission is highest.”
Protecting Yourself from Dengue Fever
Although dengue fever is not widespread in the United States, cases have been reported. Prevention focuses on avoiding mosquito bites. The WHO recommends the following measures if you live in or visit an area where dengue is spreading:
- Wear clothing that covers as much of your body as possible
- Use mosquito nets over your bed
- Install screens on windows
- Apply mosquito repellents containing DEET, Picaridin, or IR3535
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